Ethics in Science - Cloning and Genetic Modification | Study Table

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Ethics in Science -

 Cloning and Genetic Modification

Advances in technology have reached levels that we could not have believed possible only generations ago. Some of the things we now know are possible existed only in science fiction book. But now, technology is creating ethical dilemmas for us that are difficult to agree on. Two such examples are cloning and genetic modification of foods .

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Cloning is not science fiction - it has been done. In 1997, Dolly a sheep, was cloned by British Scientists. Soon after, an Italian doctor said he and his team of geneticists would attempt to clone a human being some day. He said that human cloning would bring the hope of producing children to infertile couples and would put an end to many diseases. Others say that the cloning of humans can result in the creation of unhealthy and malformed children and genetic monsters.

 Some countries have banned all forms of cloning but others allow it for scientific purposes such as stem cell research. Many scientists say that this type of therapeutic cloning (harnessing stem cells from cloned embryos) is ethical because healthcare branches can and do benefit from genetic studies. So, from science and biomedical conferences around the world, we see photos in the newspapers of advances in genetic engineering : a rat and rabbit with human ears jutting from their bodies and cloned animals.


We also know of other advances : fast - growing fish in tanks, pest - resistant wheat, and some perfectly round, red tomatoes - all genetically modified. Genetically Modified (GM) foods containing genes derived from bacteria and viruses as well as foods with insect, fish and animal genes are now widely used. Some 32000 items in U.S. grocery stores already contain GM organisms. These include tomatoes, corn, potatoes and soybeans. 

Although there are benefits, there are concerns; the cross-species transfers that result do
not happen in nature and may create new toxins or other risks. Transferring animal genes into plants also raise important ethical issues for individuals, vegetarians and religious groups who have the right to know what exactly they are eating - and say they do not want fish, insects or eventually humans in their tomatoes or corn! Moreover, the resulting new "species" may change the balance of nature in a given ecosystem by creating "superspecies" resistant to herbicides and pests. Anti-GM groups around the world are demanding strict labelling on GM foods. 
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Should we continue to allow research and development of cloning and genetic modification?
I want your as well as your opinion on this question. Must comment. 

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